Dull, lengthy dictations are no longer so prevalent in most ESL classrooms, however, there is some value in the format, and used in moderation, dictation activities can be a useful and stimulating exercise.
Some of their benefits are promoting the noticing of new forms, developing hearing skills, presenting new language, and checking spelling.
In a standard dictation activity, a shortish text is selected and then read slowly to the class who attempt to write it down verbatim. The dictation can be repeated as many times as needed. This type of dictation has some value, but it can quickly get stale. You may notice a few of the dreaded yawns.
When correcting a dictation, if it is not too long, invite a student to write their version on the board and have the rest of the class correct it together.
Here are some variations on the standard dictation form. Hopefully, you will see that there is some value in this often neglected activity.
Dictation with Substitution
This is a standard dictation activity with a twist. Identify some keywords from your text and replace them with a humorous sounding alternative such as banana, thingy, doodah, pudding. After the dictation, students can try to guess what the substituted words should be.
Letter Dictation
This activity is good for beginners and lower intermediates as it reinforces their learning of the alphabet. I often use this at the beginning of a lesson as a way to introduce a topic. Think of two or three questions you would like the students to discuss and then dictate each question as a single string of letters. For example, Whatisyourfavouritefood? Doyouhaveafavouriterestaurant? Whatdidyoueatfordinneryesterday?
After you have dictated the questions, the students should try to figure out what the question is and then discuss it in pairs or small groups.
Dictogloss
This activity is usually used to present a particular grammar structure. Prepare a short text which includes some examples of the target grammar form. Read the text to the students at normal speed. The first time students should just listen. Then read the text a second time and allow the students to take notes. Now in pairs have them try to reconstruct the text from their memory and notes. When they have done what they can, read the text a third time and allow them to take further notes and make corrections.
Running Dictation
A favorite in ESL classes for younger learners, I’ve had success with this activity in adult classrooms too. The basic idea is that a text or is pinned to the wall of the classroom and the students work in pairs to transfer the text from the wall onto a sheet of paper. The catch is that one of the pair must remain seated while their partner has to make trips to the text on the wall and return with as much of the text as they can remember. They then dictate that chunk to their seated partner. They can make as many trips to the text as necessary until the text copy is complete. The first pair to complete the task are the winners.
You can mix it up a bit by having several copies of the text pinned to different parts of the classroom, this stops crowding around one sheet of paper. Or you could cut a text up into individual sentences, students must collect the sentences and then put them together in the right order.
If the class falls on a particularly significant day, I’ll sometimes cut up a factual text about a well known event and use this for a running dictation.
Student Controlled Dictation
Instead of dictating live in front of the class, you could record the text and give it to the students as a sound file for them to transcribe at their own pace. You could give this to students as homework. Alternatively, use dialogue from a TV or radio show, a podcast, etc, The benefit of this activity is that students can work at their own pace and replay the file as often as needed. Students whose listening skills are weak might be embarrassed to ask for a listening activity to be repeated continuously, so this activity allows them to listen as many times as needed.
Alternate sentences
Create a text and make two versions of it. In version 1, remove every other sentence. Version 2 should be the inverse of version 1, ie. the alternate sentences have been removed. The students complete their texts by dictating the missing sentences to their partner and vice versa.
Correct the Mistake
Give a standard dictation but deliberately throw some mistakes into your text, for example, wrong articles, badly conjugated verbs, etc. The students have to spot and correct any mistakes they hear. Have them compare and discuss their corrections with their neighbor before taking feedback from the class.
Divide the dictation
Cut up your text and give each student one or two sentences from it. Have each student read their sentences out for the class to transcribe. This way the students hear a wider variety of voices than usual and it allows you to spend some time focusing on pronunciation problems. The sentences don’t need to be in order, a follow-up activity could be to reorder the sentences correctly.
Match the Picture
Give students a sheet of paper with some different (but similar) illustrations and photographs, and then dictate the captions for each picture. For example, they are having lunch, he has had lunch, He treats patients, he is eating a hot dog. The students should write the correct caption under each picture.
What was the Question?
Create a dialogue between two people in which one participant is answering the other’s questions. For example, a job interview, someone booking a hotel or a police interrogation. Dictate the answers that are given and then have the student (in pairs) try to work out what the questions could have been. This could lead to a role-play activity using the same scenario.
I hope that you enjoyed this article, and found ideas that you can use in your classes.
Good luck and good teaching.
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